Some micros  
Man-O-War Cay, 13 Sep 2012
I am interested in fairly good performance and features (including wireless and GPIO), which has influenced my selection here.
 
Board Clock speed
& Processor
Memory I/O Pins & busses OS Performance Price Blogs, Wiki, etc
ADK
16 MHz
ATmega2560
256 KB Flash (8 KB used by bootloader), 8 KB SRAM, 4 KB EEPROM USB host 54 digital I/O (14 PWM), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs Processing $76 +
$85 (WiFi Shield)
Blog, Forum
Uno
16 MHz
ATmega328
32 KB Flash (0.5 KB used by bootloader), 2 KB SRAM, 1 KB EEPROM Apparently none 14 digital I/O (6 PWM),
6 analog inputs
$30 +
$85 (WiFi Shield)
BeagleBoard -xM 1 GHz
ARM Cortex-A8
512 MB USB OTG + 4 USB host, RS232, Ethernet, DBI-D, S-video, camera port I²C, I²S, SPI Android, Linux >2000 Dhrystone MIPS $125 +
$12 (WiFi dongle)
Group
BeagleBone
Rev A6
720 MHz
ARM Cortex-A8
256 MB USB host, Ethernet 66 3.3V GPIO (including 2 I²C, 5 serial, 7 ADC, 8 PWM, SPI) Android 4.0, Linux 1500 Dhrystone MIPS $89 +
$12 (WiFi dongle)
Cubieboard
1 GHz
ARM Cortex-A8
512 MB + 4 GB Flash 2 USB, HDMI 96 extend pins including I2C, SPI, RGB/LVDS, CSI/TS, FM-IN, ADC, CVBS, VGA, SPDIF-OUT, R-TP.. Android 2.3 & 4.0, Linux $49 +
$12 (WiFi dongle)
Group, Wiki
Raspberry Pi
Model B
1 GHz
ARM11, H/W FP, GPU
256 MB
(shared with GPU)
2 USB host, HDMI,
RCA, Ethernet
17 3.3V GPIO (including
I²C, SPI, I²S, UART)
Linux ARM1176 ~964 Dhrystone MIPS (1377*),
GPU - 24 GFLOPS (34*)
$35 +
$12 (WiFi dongle)
Forum, Wiki
XBee WiFi WiFi 14 GPIO (some used for
serial comm - SPI & UART)
$35
($99 Dev Kit)
Forum
* I assume a 43% (1GHz/700MHz) increase with the overclocking mod.

Also interesting but don't include GPIO (one of my requirements):
 
The PC-on-a-stick's are coming out fast and furious.  TG Daily seems to be a good place to follow the action.

References